Financial trends and risk management of Britvic Plc 02082 Free Essay Example, 2500 words

(Source: Financial Times, 2015) The share price of Britvic Plc is 722.50. It was extremely high in 2014 and was recorded at 765. It was observed that the company is reporting a continuous increase in its share price since 2010 except for the year 2012. The rising trend in its share price shows that it will rise in the near future (Financial Times, 2015). (Source: Britvic, 2014) Britvic Plc has reported a turnover of  £1344 million in the year 2014 and has continuously increased since 2012. The earnings per share were 24.7p in the year 2012 which has also risen to 41p in 2014. The operating profits were  £106 million in 2012 and have grown up to  £146 million in 2014. The net profit has also increased from  £57 million in 2012 to  £90 million in 2014. All the figures have shown a continuous increase thereby reflecting the food financial performance of Britvic Plc (Britvic, 2014). Corporate and Financial Actions (Source: Financial Times, 2015) Year after year, the revenues of Britvic Plc remained even at 1.32 billion, despite the fact that the net income of the company grew from 61.90 million to 89.70 million. We will write a custom essay sample on Financial trends and risk management of Britvic Plc 02082 or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now The net income of Britvic Plc was almost same since 2011 but has suddenly increased in 2014 which is a good sign for the company (Financial Times, 2015). (Source: Financial Times, 2015) Both the earnings per share and the dividends per share were increased by 43.27% and 13.59% respectively in 2014. The positive movement in the dividend payments is remarkable since few companies only in the non-alcoholic/beverages industry gives dividend (Financial Times, 2015). (Source: Financial Times, 2015) In the year 2014, the company increased the cash reserves by 51.80 million or 56.61%. The cash flow was very low in 2012 but has increased to a great extent i. e. approx 52 million in the year 2014. The cash reserves have risen from 105 million to 150 million in 2014. Britvic Plc earned 146.60 million from their operations in support of a cash flow margin (Financial Times, 2015). (Source: Britvic, 2014) In spite of the volume growth and strong value of its brand, Coca-Cola which is the competitor of Britvic was not able to beat the company off the peak spot, and the Britvic maintain to remain the top supplier, with sales of over  £1.3 billion compared to the  £1.1 billion for Coca-Cola Company (Britvic, 2014). The company will soon launch the multi packs of Fruit Shoot in the United States, most probably in the second third quarter of 2015. Britvic also creates and sells the brands of PepsiCo such as 7UP and Pepsi in the United Kingdom.

Human Rights and Intervention in the Rwandan Genocide Free Essays

string(28) " from Rwanda at this point\." Human Rights and Intervention in the Rwandan Genocide Human rights are known as â€Å"inalienable fundamental rights to which a person is inherently entitled to simply because he or she is a human being†. These rights are known to be universal and are the same to everyone living on earth. These rights are said to exist in both national and international law. We will write a custom essay sample on Human Rights and Intervention in the Rwandan Genocide or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Universal Declaration of Human rights, which is supported by fifty countries across the globe, attests to this definition and backs up the idea that all people are equal and have the right to pursue happiness no matter who they are, where they are from, their skin color, age, or sex, etc. If these countries believe these things to be true, why was there not a mass intervention when the Hutu militia in Rwanda took it upon themselves to kill hundreds of thousands of people based solely on their ethnicity? It seems that if these countries are not going to benefit in some way, then they have no desire to help or intervene when there is a crisis in another country. The United Nations, which is said to be an international institution that values human rights, should make sure that tragedies, such as the Rwandan genocide, do not occur. Countries cannot act selfish when it comes to war, genocide, and the lives of innocent people. Aiding everyone, treating people with fairness and equality, and fighting for what is right should be far more important than a country’s personal gain.. The one and only deciding factor that manifests what will happen with human rights violations and a countries choice to intervene is the United Nations and the international community. This paper will analyze why it took so long for other countries to intervene in the Rwandan genocide and how the United Nations and the international community directly correlate with human rights violations and interventions in international tragedies. During the Rwandan genocide, thousands of people were killed in the name of ethnic violence. Men, women and children were taken out of their own homes and killed for nothing other than their ethnicity. At this time, the Hutu ethnicity made up over eighty percent of the population, and blamed the people of Tutsi, who made up the lower fifteen percent for all of the economic and political problems of the country. This, in turn, led to Hutu rebels who felt that the only way to solve the issues in Rwanda was to eliminate the Tutsi people all together. Hutu extremists and militia aunched plans and were able to almost effectively rid Rwanda of the Tutsi ethnicity. Tutsi people tried to escape but most were killed or attacked before fleeing was even a possible outcome. Thousands and thousands of people participated in the ethnic cleansing of the Tutsi people in Rwanda. This situation was very chaotic and got completely out of control because no countries chose to intervene and help the Rwan dan people until it was too late. Is it in a country’s best interest to intervene in another country’s warfare or should the country sit back until it gets worse? Why did it take so long and the loss of so many lives before other countries chose to intervene in the Rwandan genocide? The Rwandan genocide was a mass murder of an estimated million people in Eastern Africa in the state of Rwanda. Over about one hundred days, it is estimated that twenty percent of the country’s total population were killed. This resulted from a longstanding ethnic battle and tensions between the minority party, the Tutsi, who had controlled power for centuries, and the majority, the Hutu, who had come into power through a rebellion in the early 1960’s. In 1990, a rebel group of Tutsi refugees invaded Rwanda in an attempt to defeat the Hutu government. This began the Rwandan Civil War, resulting in far worse tension between the two groups. In response to this, many Hutu people gravitated toward the â€Å"Hutu Power† ideology which consisted of state-controlled and independent Rwandan media. It also consisted that the Tutsi intended to make slaves of the Hutu people and that this must be resisted at all costs. Ethnic strife resulted in the rebels’ displacing large numbers of Hutu in the north and Hutu killing of Tutsi in the south. The assassination of Habyarimana in April of 1994 set off even more violence during which Hutu groups conducted mass killings of Tutsis. The genocide was supported and coordinated by the national government as well as local military. Along with the local military, primary responsibility for all of the Tutsi killings lies with two Hutu militias that were organized for this purpose by political parties, the Interahamwe and the Impuzamugambi. Although once the genocide began, a great number of Hutu civilians took parts in the murders as well. There was no peace agreement in place at this point, the Tutsi rebels started their offensive, defeating the army and seizing control of the country. The Hutu militia groups set out to murder any and all Tutsis that they could find regardless of their age or sex. They forced Hutu civilians to participate in the genocide, or be killed in return. The Hutu militia groups used radio airwaves as a way to contact other Tutsis and to provide them with information on what to in order to keep themselves alive. Most nations evacuated their diplomats and nationals from the country and abandoned their embassies in the initial stages of violence. Militia began to set up hundreds of roadblocks around the country and used them to block off areas and make it easier for them to attack certain areas. This militia also sent cables to foreign countries letting them know that ethnicity was the driving factor of all the killings and that their politicians and peacekeepers were not safe in Rwanda. American citizens were evacuated from Rwanda at this point. You read "Human Rights and Intervention in the Rwandan Genocide" in category "Essay examples" Most of the victims were killed in their own villages and homes by machetes and rifles. The Hutu gangs searched through homes, schools, and churches and massacred all the people that they found hiding or trying to flee. The Hutu’s attempt to eliminate all Tutsi, men, women, and children was so chaotic that there is no consensus of the amount of people killed on some days, but what is most important to remember is that this was genocide, and that the Hutu’s were trying to eliminate and erase the memory of Tutsi existence. Out of the Rwandan population of 7. 3 million people, 84% were Hutu, and 16% were Tutsi. The official figures posted by the Rwandan government estimated that the number of victims of the genocide to be 1,174,000 in one hundred days. To narrow that down even more, that is 10,000 a day, or 400 very hour, or 7 every minute. It was also estimated that about 300,000 Tutsi were somehow able to survive the genocide. Thousands of these survivors were women, who were raped daily by Hutu men and ultimately became HIV positive. Of the survivors, there were thousands of orphans and close to all of them were forced to become the head of their household. The world did not act, at least not in a quick manner, to save the Tutsi people of Rwanda. United Nations representatives and commanders were there and there were also peacekeepers in the nation but their efforts were very inimal. Countries did not act at all, even though most countries ratified the United Nations Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, nothing was done to stop the on-going mass killings of hundreds of thousands of people. There are several reasons why they international community took so long to intervene and why their efforts even at that time were so small. The first is that this might have been a civil war, and fo reign states have been advised not to intervene in national self-determinations. Another explanation is that no one knew about the vast amount of massacres occurring in Rwanda until much of the damage had already been done. And unfortunately, the last reason that other countries did not intervene is because they genuinely were not concerned about getting involved in something that would not offer them any personal gain. Rwanda had nothing to off these countries in exchange for their help, and unfortunately no country saw that it would be beneficial for the to get involved solely for good merit. Unfortunately, Rwanda is not the only nation that has been ignored when genocides occurred. Countries such as Iraq, Bosnia, Koscovo, Cambodia, and Sudan have all had some type of ethnic cleansing take place which occurred after United Nations ratification at the convention and yet nothing was done to stop it or even intervene. Intervening, whether humane or not, has always been a dilemma for countries. A state feels that it should not involve itself in a sovereign state in order to preserve autonomy and freedom. Critics argue that an intervention would indeed help preserve the autonomy and freedom of a state where basic rights are being violated but it is unlikely that a country would do this. Although the United Nations was created to continue communication and cooperation among nations, it feels that it was not created to solve world problems, especially not within countries. The United Nations feels that some countries are going to have to solve the problems within their own state on their own terms, time, and money. Since the creation of the United Nations, there have been fewer wars but civil wars have exponentially grown. This is result of Western colonizing powers creating artificial boundaries between their colonies and not taking into consideration the ethnic group that they may be dividing and elittling. As a consequence, ethnic clashes are more prevalent in the world now, and the world along with the United Nations is unsure on how to deal with the problem, which is why we see a constant lack of intervention with these types of issues. The United Nations does however always offer basic services to these countries that are in need. Services range from food and wa ter relief, to imposing sanctions on countries, to peacekeeping, which was seen in Rwanda during the genocide. These are ways of helping civilian populations whom may not even be involved in the conflict, along with the victims of the horrible tragedy. The United States of America was one country that was the most reluctant to intervene in the Rwandan genocide. During the time of the Rwandan genocide, the United States had just pulled American troops out of a disastrous peacekeeping mission in Somalia. The United States vowed to never again return to a conflict that it was not able to understand, between people, clans, and tribes, that it did not know, and especially in a country where the United States had no national interests. President Clinton tried to keep that promise to the American people by suggesting that the rebels needed to stop the violence themselves, even though he had full support from Congress to intervene at this time. With Congress looking toward Clinton, and Clinton looking toward the United Nations, nothing was done and the genocide was forced to run its course. Choosing not to intervene was at the top of Clinton’s failure list for his time as President of the United States of America. The genocide in Rwanda could have been easily prevented. The international community could have taken many steps to prevent the genocide that would not have involved military action. Solidarity within the United Nations was almost nonexistent win regard to Rwanda. Most countries had no investments and nothing to gain in helping Rwanda, so little was done. Had the United Nations paid more attention to what was going on was genocide much earlier, action could have been taken much sooner and the lives of so many people would not have been lost. Early actions could have prevented China and France from providing weapons which only fueled the genocide and increased the death toll. The United States under President Bill Clinton refused to take any kind of action in Rwanda because there was no economic interest; apparently moral interest is of no importance at this point in time. The United States also helped in making sure other countries did not interfere as well. Had the countries recognized the conditions in Rwanda early on, there could have been a serious obstacle in the genocide’s execution. Instead, however, the United States argued over what the word genocide actually meant and feared to even use it because they would be compelled to act if it was described as an actual genocide. If the condition in the country were recognized sooner, the international community would have responded more quickly. Rwanda was also not equipped with the technology that is available to most developed countries. Telephone lines were scarce, but the country was heavily saturated with radios and radio frequencies, which was the only way to spread propaganda. The United States had the technology to jam the radio waves and when presented with this information, the United States refused to lend the technology to help the Rwandan people. This action completely prevented the international community from being able to jam the radio frequencies, further preventing any hope for the Tutsi people. Had the Rwandan people had this technology, they would have been able to stop the spread of hate messages, and later in the genocide, it would have nearly stopped the militia from finding people, as Tutsi locations were broadcast over the radio. Arguably, this could have stopped the genocide in its tracks or at least made it very difficult for the genocide to continue without another country even setting foot on Rwanda soil. The United States and other countries interact with other states on a state level. The problem with that during the Rwandan genocide was that when the United Nations hears a report that genocide may be taking place within a country then its response is to notify that country’s government about it. This helped none whatsoever in Rwanda because the government were part of the reason the genocide was happening and taking place. If reports are being leaked to the international community, it is obvious that the community, for some reason, is not taking any sort of action to alleviate the situation. The insistence on only dealing with other countries as states prevents any action being done for the voiceless individuals who have no voice and cannot fight for themselves. Had the United States not blatantly refused in taking action in Rwanda, other countries would have more than likely been more willing to help the innocent victims in Rwanda. The United States refusal made others believe that they were also not expected to help. In the aftermath of the genocide, Rwanda is a very different country. While Hutus ad and Tutsis now live side by side, many feel that the only way for them to survive is to destroy the other ethnic group. The post-genocide government has tried to establish a greater level of stability within the country in hopes of another genocide never occurring again. The Rwandan government has abolished the ethnic identity cards that were for so long, the only means of distinguishing one group from another. Many citizens still remember what their neighbors are, while others live next door to someone who murdered their families. Most Rwandans now refuse to place themselves in an ethnic category at all in hopes of the new generation of Rwandan people growing up without and identity card and without ethnic tension with the people they are constantly surrounded by. The impact of the United Nations on the intervention in human rights violation most definitely correlates. This was seen in the Rwandan genocide. Since the United Nations decided as a whole that they would not intervene in a beneficial way, then that is what all the other countries decided independently. So if there was not a large governing international institution, things may have played out differently. Countries may have seen the horrible things happening in Rwanda and chose to lend a helping hand rather than sitting back and watching Rwanda crumble. If there is a lesson to be learned from everything that happened in Rwanda, it is that the international community needs to avoid giving the impression that it is willing to or is even capable of rescuing civilians in a conflict. If this is not the case, then it is important to build the capacity of people to do the job of protecting themselves, their family, and their country. Beck, Roger B. World History Patterns of Interaction. Evanston, IL: McDougal Littell, 2007. Scherrer, Christian. Genocide and crisis in Central Africa: conflict roots, mass violence, and regional war; foreword by Robert Melson. Praeger, 2002. Weissman, Stephen R. â€Å"Preventing Genocide in Burundi Lessons from International Diplomacy†,  United States Institute of Peace http://www. genocidewatch. org/images/Rwanda-13-Mar-07-First_the_Deed,_Then_the Denial. pdf   Release of Rwanda’s mastermind of death promotes genocide denial,  Harvard Law Record, December 4, 2009   UN Security Council Resolution 912 (1994), implementing an â€Å"adjustment† of UNAMIR’s mandate and force level as outlined in the  Ã¢â‚¬Å"UNDOC Special Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwan da†, April 20, 1994 (document no. S/1994/470)   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Rwanda-UNAMIR Background†. United Nations. Retrieved May 30, 2011. Shake Hands With the Devil: The Failure of Humanity in Rwanda:  ISBN 0-679-31171-8, pg. 213 How to cite Human Rights and Intervention in the Rwandan Genocide, Essay examples

Limitations of Stereotyping at Workplace-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Merits and Limitations of Stereotyping at Workplace. Answer: Merits and Limitations of Stereotyping at Workplace A stereotype is referred to a set of characteristics or a fixed general image that a significant number of people believe represent a specific type of thing or a person. In other words, it is any thought which is widely adopted about specific types of individuals or their behaviours to represent the entire group of such people or their behaviour as a whole (Inzlicht and Schmader, 2012). A stereotype did not take into consideration the personal characteristics of a person; it assumes things about a person because he/she belongs to a certain group. Stereotypes can be both positive and negative; however, both positive and negative stereotypes can be harmful based on a persons reliance on them. In organisations, stereotyping can lead employees or managers to treat a person or a group in a specific way based on preconceived notions regarding that person or group. Generally, diversity factors such as culture, religion, age, ethnicity, gender and race can contribute to stereotyping in a cor poration. Many managers use stereotypes while communicating and interacting with their employees from another culture in order to ensure that they did not mistakenly make any insensitive statement regarding their culture (Alter et al., 2010). However, heavy reliance on stereotypes can negatively affect the organisational culture in a company, and it can lead to causing conflicts between employees in the workplace. This essay will focus on analysing the impact of stereotypes in corporations. Further, merits and limitations of stereotypes will be discussed in the report by analysing different organisational behaviour theories and recommendations will be given. In todays competitive business world, the requirement of talented employees has grown substantially, and organisations hire qualified employees from all around the world. In order to retain qualified employees in an enterprise, human resource department focuses on maintaining a positive working environment which supports and promotes diversity in the workplace (Chrobot-Mason and Aramovich, 2013). The HR department focuses on implementing effective organisational behaviour theories to ensure that employees from different cultures, religion, race and gender are able to work in the office effectively. Organisational behaviour is referred to the study of the way individuals communicate or interact within groups. It assists in implementing effective human resource management (HRM) policies that promote diversity in the workplace (Wood et al., 2012). Multinational companies are requiring dealing with people from different cultures and religions while operating their business. Therefore, ma ny times managers or executives rely on stereotypes to effectively deal with people from different cultures and religions. In recent years, the importance of diversity management in corporations has grown substantially with the increase in demand of talented employees. Misuse of stereotyping can result in making employees upset or dissatisfied with their jobs which negatively affects their productivity. The insensitive behaviour of employees or lack of diversity management policies can result in increasing disputes between employees which affect their along with others performance which is negative for a firms growth. Effective diversity management improves a companys performance because employees are more likely to feel attached to the organisation and it contributes to creating a positive culture in the workplace (Ilmakunnas and Ilmakunnas, 2011). Therefore, effective diversity management is a key requirement for modern corporations since it provides them a competitive advantage over others. For example, Google Incorporations promotes and supports diversity policies, and the HR department maintains equ ity among employees. Recently, the CEO of the company, Sundar Pichai, fired an engineer, James Damore, because he issued a controversial anti-diversity memo in which he argued why men are better than women (Statt, 2017). The action of Googles CEO showed that the company is serious regarding its diversity policies, and they promote and support employees from different cultures, religion, caste, race and gender. There are a number of merits of using stereotypes which can be beneficial for managers while creating a positive relationship with employees. Firstly, it assists them in ensuring that they did not make any insensitive remark or comment that might affect their feeling. Having knowledge about employees culture or religion can ensure that the manager is able to interact with them more freely since he/she understands their customs (Heilman, 2012). Similarly, while dealing with customers, clients or partners from another country, stereotypes can assist executives in understanding their business customs. For example, in China, people emphasis on punctuality more than western nations and being late in meetings can often result in cancelation of the deal. Therefore, stereotypes can assists managers in ensuring that while dealing with employees in the organisation, they are not insensitive towards their culture. Many times, stereotypes help managers in filling the missing information regardin g a person, such as a non-observable characteristic of an employee that can only be apparent after spending a long time with him (Lottrup, Grahn and Stigsdotter, 2013). Also, stereotyping helps managers in organising information more efficiently by placing employees into predetermined categories. Although it has seen that most stereotypes are based on true facts, there are a number of errors and distortions in them which may lead to employment discrimination. It is very unlikely that a person perfectly fits the stereotype category because each person has specific traits and characteristics (Von Hippel, Sekaquaptewa and McFarlane, 2015). Therefore, if a manager is relying on stereotypes, then he/she is assigning traits to an employee that is untrue. The use of stereotypes makes it difficult for managers to alter their belief about an employees characteristics and traits which conflict with the stereotype. If a manager himself uses or all others to engage in stereotyping, it can result in increased abuse and mistreatment in the workplace. If a manager did not stop employees from using stereotypes, then employees can sense that he/she promotes open displays of mistreatment or discrimination which can result in establishing a negative working culture in the organisation. It incre ases conflicts and disputes between employees and managers which negatively affect the performance of others as well (Posthuma and Guerrero, 2013). If collaboration and teamwork is a necessary requirement in a corporations success, that use of stereotypes can result in causing bad working relationships between employees. For example, based on the stereotypes, a man may not prefer to ask a woman help while working because he might feel she is incapable of understanding or performing the task. Another problem with stereotyping is that it causes low morale for individuals or group which make a toxic working environment. The managers find it difficult to motivate employees to improve their performance if employees have low morale. According to the Equity theory of motivation, employees feel motivated if their output is equal to their input (Lazaroiu, 2015). Based on stereotypes, a manager can discriminate between two employees and provide more benefits and opportunities to only one. In this situation, it is difficult to motivate the employee who is discriminated against and it is more likely to affect his performance negatively. Similarly, ERG theory divide basis needs of an employee into three categories. Existence includes physiological and safety needs, relatedness include social relations needs, and growth refers to self-esteem and self-actualisation needs (Caulton, 2012). This theory categorised the five needs given by Abraham Maslow in Hierarchy of needs theory. If man agers use stereotyping, then it is difficult for them to fulfil relatedness needs of employees. If managers are continuously discriminating employees based on stereotypes, then it can negatively affect their performance, and it makes it difficult for managers to motivate them. Following actions can be taken by managers in order to avoid stereotyping in the workplace which assists them in establishing a positive and supportive working environment which effectively manages diversity in the workplace. Firstly, managers should implement workplace policies that discourage stereotyping and discrimination between employees and embrace diversity in the workplace (Lamont, Swift and Abrams, 2015). In Australia, the government has implemented anti-discrimination laws based on age, disability, race and sex of employees. Organisations should comply with regulations of these acts to ensure that they avoid stereotypes. The firm should also provide diversity training to managers, supervisors and employees to make them learn about others religion, race, nationality and culture. Managers should schedule meetings between them and workers to discuss the way to prevent employees from stereotyping, and they should avoid making assumptions or creating labels for employees (Dugui d and Thomas-Hunt, 2015). Managers should ensure that employees respect each other and difference between them by implementing strict diversity policies. In conclusion, stereotyping has its merits and limitations however in order to promote diversity management, managers should avoid using stereotypes. Stereotyping assists managers in ensuring that they are able to fill the gaps while interacting and dealing with other employees in order to create a positive relationship with them. It assists them organising information more effectively by placing employees into predetermined categories. It also ensures that managers did not make any insensitive remarks that might hurt employees feeling. However, there are many limitations of stereotyping which result in establishing a toxic environment in the workplace. It promotes discrimination in the workplace which causes low morale among employees. Stereotyping also makes it difficult for managers to motivate employees and improve their productivity. Various recommendations are discussed in the report for avoiding stereotyping such as strict diversity policies, effective workplace relationships, avoiding of assumptions, and diversity training. These policies can assist managers in avoiding stereotyping and creating a positive working environment in the workplace which promotes and supports diversity among employees. References Alter, A.L., Aronson, J., Darley, J.M., Rodriguez, C. and Ruble, D.N. (2010) Rising to the threat: Reducing stereotype threat by reframing the threat as a challenge.Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,46(1), pp.166-171. Caulton, J.R. (2012) The development and use of the theory of ERG: A literature review.Emerging leadership journeys,5(1), pp.2-8. Chrobot-Mason, D. and Aramovich, N.P. (2013) The psychological benefits of creating an affirming climate for workplace diversity.Group Organization Management,38(6), pp.659-689. Duguid, M.M. and Thomas-Hunt, M.C. (2015) Condoning stereotyping? How awareness of stereotyping prevalence impacts expression of stereotypes.Journal of Applied Psychology,100(2), p.343. Heilman, M.E. (2012) Gender stereotypes and workplace bias.Research in organizational Behavior,32, pp.113-135. Ilmakunnas, P. and Ilmakunnas, S. (2011) Diversity at the workplace: Whom does it benefit?.De Economist,159(2), pp.223-255. Inzlicht, M. and Schmader, T. (2012)Stereotype threat: Theory, process, and application. England: Oxford University Press. Lamont, R.A., Swift, H.J. and Abrams, D. (2015) A review and meta-analysis of age-based stereotype threat: Negative stereotypes, not facts, do the damage.Psychology and aging,30(1), p.180. Lazaroiu, G. (2015) Employee motivation and job performance.Linguistic and Philosophical Investigations,14, p.97. Lottrup, L., Grahn, P. and Stigsdotter, U.K. (2013) Workplace greenery and perceived level of stress: Benefits of access to a green outdoor environment at the workplace.Landscape and Urban Planning,110, pp.5-11. Posthuma, R.A. and Guerrero, L. (2013) Age stereotypes in the workplace: Multidimensionality, cross-cultural applications, and directions for future research.The SAGE handbook of aging, work and society, pp.250-265. Statt, N. (2017) Google fires employee who wrote anti-diversity memo. [Online] The Verge. Available at: https://www.theverge.com/2017/8/7/16111052/google-james-damore-fired-anti-diversity-manifesto [Accessed 2 April 2018]. Von Hippel, C., Sekaquaptewa, D. and McFarlane, M. (2015) Stereotype threat among women in finance: Negative effects on identity, workplace well-being, and recruiting.Psychology of Women Quarterly,39(3), pp.405-414. Wood, J., Zeffane, R., Fromholtz, M., Wiesner, R., Morrison, R. and Seet, P.S. (2012)Organisational behaviour: Core concepts and applications. Milton QLD: John Wiley Sons Australia, Ltd..

Platos Phaedo The Souls Immortality free essay sample

In the dialogue, Socrates discusses the nature of the afterlife on his last day before eing executed by drinking hemlock poison. Socrates has been imprisoned and sentenced to death by Athenian political leaders for not believing in Athenian gods and for corrupting the youth of the city. The dialogue is told from the perspective of one of Socrates students, Phaedo of Elis. Having been present at Socrates death bed, Phaedo relates the dialogue from that day to Echecrates, a fellow philosopher. By engaging in dialectic with a group of Socrates friends, including the Thebans Cebes nd Simmias, Socrates explores various arguments for the souls immortality in order to show that there is an afterlife in which the soul will dwell following death. Phaedo tells the story that following the discussion, he and the others were there to witness the death of Socrates. One of the main themes in the Phaedo is the idea that the soul is immortal. We will write a custom essay sample on Platos Phaedo: The Souls Immortality or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Socrates offers four arguments for the souls immortality: The Cyclical Argument, or Opposites Argument explains that Forms are eternal and nchanging, and as the soul always brings life, then it must not die, and is necessarily imperishable. As the body is mortal and is subject to physical death, the soul must be its indestructible opposite. Plato then suggests the analogy of fire and cold. If the form of cold is imperishable, and fire, its opposite, was within close proximity, it would have to withdraw intact as does the soul during death. This could be likened to the idea of the opposite charges of magnets. The Theory of Recollection xplains that we possess some non-empirical knowledge (e. g. The Form of Equality) at birth, implying the soul existed before birth to carry that knowledge. Another account of the theory is found in Platos Meno, although in that case Socrates implies Anamnesis (previous knowledge of everything) whereas he is not so bold in Phaedo. The Affinity Argument, explains that invisible, immortal, and incorporeal things are different from visible, mortal, and corporeal things. Our soul is of the former, while ur body is of the latter, so when our bodies die and decay, our soul will continue to live. The Argument from Form of Life explains that the Forms, incorporeal and static entities, are the cause of all things in the world, and all things participate in Forms. For example, beautiful things participate in the Form of Beauty; the number four participates in the Form of the Even, etc. The soul, by its very nature, participates in the Form of Life, which means the soul can never die. The Phaedo was first translated into Latin from Greek by Henry Aristippus in 1160.

How Do You Address Your Professional Background in a Job Search

How Do You Address Your Professional Background in a Job Search You might see the phrase â€Å"professional background† popping up now and then in your job search, but what does it mean? The quickest summary is that they’re asking for your  work history. But you shouldn’t stop there–no one really wants a dry list of previous employers. When a hiring manager wants to hear about your  Ã¢â‚¬Å"professional background,† they are looking to learn about your performance and history in your current and past professions.Where Should You Put It?The best place to share this information is perhaps at the top of your resume, in a summary of your qualifications or a career profile- both much more effective than the outmoded â€Å"Objective† section. With each job you apply for, make sure you’ve made a convincing map of your skills and experience as matching the requirements for the job.On a resume, the best way to format your work history and professional accomplishments is probably chronological. But you can also try formatting it in a way that emphasizes jobs you’ve had that are particularly relevant- by type.What Should You Say?Be as honest as possible about what you’ve done and where you’ve worked, but, with that in mind, emphasize your particular skills and expertise as strongly as possible.If you don’t have a white-collar background with fancy managerial positions, that shouldn’t matter. What matters most is your professionalism, how you conducted yourself on the job, and how much you have grown. Showing your record of acting  responsibly and accountably, with excellence and integrity, will do you a world of good.  It’s still a â€Å"professional† background even if you feel your job is not fancy.Go Beyond Just Paid JobsRemember to include training and education- which are more than just academic credentials. Any certifications or skills training or onboarding you’ve acquired in the course of your career are relevant and quite important.Remember, how you look on paper is only the first step. Your resume is a partial summary of your professional background. Use it to get in front of a hiring manager or recruiter, and then expand upon the bullet points while you have the face time.And keep in mind: when an interviewer asks you to tell them about your professional background, remember that they want more than just a chronological list of jobs that they could read straight off your resume. Present yourself professionally, and your background can provide the extra boost you need.

Identify industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Identify industry - Essay Example Despite of number of economic and social benefits of education, spending on education is experiencing increased pressure these days. As economies are finding ways to recover from global financial crisis, they are shrinking budgets, resulting in scarcer funds left for education sector. Economic complications are also resulting in tightening of enrolment levels in large numbers of institutions, as students proceed for less expensive educational programs or opt out for any educational program altogether. The aim of this paper is to identify top challenges that are facing the educational sector nowadays; however identifying challenges is merely a first step in fundamental transformation of educational sector. Issues in Education Sector The first issue in education sector pertains to over budgeting and underfunding. The impact was global financial crisis was detrimental on education sector. Private and public schools saw their endowments declining. It affected private donors as well who l ost their capability of investing significant sum of money within the industry. Another issue is related to intensification of rivalry. As competition intensifies, higher education looks for ways to differentiate themselves by attracting students and top faculty. Some schools are enhancing their curricula to attract students in fields of engineering or science. Others schools are gearing programs to target specific groups such as high-school dropouts or adult learners (Deloitte., 2001). Technological upgrade is another emerging challenge for education sector. Schools that have invested in latest technology are not utilizing its full capacity. Office systems, used to manage information of students, human resource and finances, are woefully outdated. Many schools have homegrown IT departments that make it complicated to centralize or upgrade the parallel system that causes inefficiency or redundancy (Deloitte., 2001). Education sector need to reconsider infrastructure. In order to red uce the cost of infrastructure, institutions are heading for partnerships with private sector to develop share facilities that can be utilized by citizens and students. A strategic approach is essential if schools intend to keep costs aligned in the upcoming years (Deloitte., 2001). Reporting and regulatory requirement oblige the education sector to invest strategically. Cost containment and funding constraints are not the only byproducts of financial crisis. Due to international economic meltdown, governments globally have been speeding up oversight in educational industry by flexing the muscles of regulatory authority. In numerous other cases, antagonism has caught educational sector. In order to differentiate themselves from crowded marketplace, educational institutions need to invest in information systems that are more sophisticated (Deloitte., 2001). Leadership Process: A Catalyst for Change in Educational Sector These critical issues call for assistance from the side of leade rs in educational sector. According to Heifetz, (1994), leadership is a process â€Å"to address conflicts in the values people hold, or to diminish the gap between the values people stand for and the reality they face† (p. 22). Noonan (2003) in ‘The Elements of Leadership’, states that, â€Å"Leadership is developing potential and building community† (p. 3). Conventional views referred school leadership as operational or

Wind Energy (Is wind energy really that cheap Is it effective Is it Research Paper

Wind Energy (Is wind energy really that cheap Is it effective Is it practical) - Research Paper Example Wind is also a form of solar energy, because winds are mainly produced because of the temperature irregularities in the atmosphere caused by the sun, the unevenness of the earth’s surface and its rotation. Then this energy is used to turn the turbines and produce electrical energy. Basically the wind turbines are used to convert this wind energy into mechanical energy, which is later on used to transform it into electrical energy via generators or alternators. If we go through a brief history of electricity generation from wind turbines, Denmark was the first one to do it, who was able to produce 5 to 25 kW by 1910. Then in around 1925, wind-electric plants ranging from around 200 W to 3 kW were commercially available in the American market, and then in that era, the largest wind turbine was made in 1941 by Palmer C. Putnam with a capacity of 1250 kW. It was a hybrid hydro-electric capacity, in which, wind was the main source of energy, but in the absence of wind, water could also be used to turn the turbines. ... y unlike conventional power plants, which usually use furnace oil, diesel and coal, emitting a lot of pollution, thus badly affecting the environment. In 1990, according to the US Energy Department, the production of electricity using wind energy reduces the production of about 2.4 billion pounds of carbon dioxide and around 14.9 billion pounds of other pollutants. The cost of wind energy is reduced up to much of the extent in last 10 years, but still, it requires higher initial investment as compared to fuel generators. But the main cost is the machinery cost, which is around the 80% of the total cost. Whereas the running cost is almost free as compared to other sources of generating energy. So if we examine the total overall initial and total cost of the wind systems with other fossil fuel systems, then the cost of wind systems is quite competitive with other systems because on one hand where it saves the running cost or reduces it to the minimal, it also saves the fossil fuels, wh ich are reducing in the earth’s crust day by day. Thus the energy produced from the wind also provides a soft edge against the increase in electric power prices as the prices of fossil fuels are increasing gradually. Another major issue, that we have to face while using wind as a power source is that wind is an intermittent source, for it is sometimes available at the required rate and sometimes it is not available. So it may or may not work, whenever electricity is needed, or at places where electricity is needed at every time. Though electrical energy produced by the wind mills can be stored in batteries, but wind itself cannot be stored anywhere to be available at the timing of electricity demands. And usually wind blows at faster rate in remote locations, which are usually far away