Risk Assessment Is the Health, Safety and Environmental Management Coursework

Hazard Assessment Is the Health, Safety and Environmental Management - Coursework Example This article investigates the techniques for hazard ID that are appropriate to the wellbeing, security, and natural issues. Conceptualizing is a technique utilized over all orders to distinguish chance. Gatherings of experts meet up and verbally recognize the dangers that are in their divisions. In this technique, all the individuals included should be educated and well outfitted with the general information so they can value the assessments of the others. Significant documentation is required after the conceptualizing exercise with the goal that the data can be put away for use in the assessment work out. Meetings can likewise be utilized to distinguish dangers that will undoubtedly happen in a specific field of intrigue. Insurance ought to be assumed the sort of individual interviewee since it influences the unwavering quality of the sort of data that will be gathered. It is typically prompted that a meeting is completed after a meeting to generate new ideas to have suitable inquir ies to pose in the meeting. Nonetheless, interviews are constrained to the abilities of the facilitator and consequently he/she ought to be skilled in completing meetings. Trials can be performed to recognize a hazard. In the wellbeing segment, investigations can be performed on creatures that have response trademark like those of people. In the earth tests can be saved, tests performed on them, and the consequences of the trials used to distinguish a hazard. Dangers can be distinguished by perusing reported information. Explores were done already and information from books and diary is a significant wellspring of data in hazard distinguishing proof. In any case, the scientist ought to be careful when utilizing this information to guarantee that it is applicable and from a sound source. A great deal of exploration has been done in the security and wellbeing division and the recorded data could offer arrangements in distinguishing dangers. Archived chronicled information that is broa dly acknowledged as a reality could be utilized in chance distinguishing proof

Aerodynamics of Golf Balls :: physics sport sports golf

Prologue to Aerodynamics Optimal design is the investigation of the movement of liquids in the gas state and bodies moving comparative with the liquid/air. At the end of the day the investigation of optimal design is the investigation of liquid elements explicitly identifying with air or the gas condition of issue. At the point when an article goes through liquid/air there are two sorts of stream qualities that occur, laminar and violent. Laminar stream is a smooth consistent stream over a smooth surface and it has little unsettling influence. Instinct would prompt the conviction that this kind of wind stream would be attractive. It would bode well to accept that this smooth undisturbed air would make minimal measure of resistive power because of contact. The golf ball apparently challenges this hypothesis by voyaging more remote with its troublesome surface that makes the second stream trademark, tempestuous stream. Fierce stream is stream that is upset and makes whirlpool like highlights. The fierce air really diminishes the distinction in speed of the air layer that is very near the ball contrasted with the remainder of the air thus reduces the grinding following up on the ball. Drag is a significant supporter of how an article goes through liquid/air. Drag is brought about by the disturbed air promptly behind an article traveling through liquid/air. It acts opposite to and the other way of movement of the article and blocks the movement of the item. It would bode well that if the drag is limited the item will travel more distant. Lift or bend in the movement of an item through air is a marvels that is observable in a ball going through liquid/air. This adjustment in bearing is because of the impact that turn has on the article moving. This can be clarified by Bernoulli's Principle. Bernoulli, a 1700's physicist and mathematician, demonstrated that the speed of an article through fluid/air changes the weight of the air. The speed of a turning ball comparative with the air is unique in relation to the other side to the next making a low weight on one side and a high weight on the other. This makes the ball move toward the lower pressure. The golf ball is regularly hit with an undercut causing an opposite pivot and subsequently a lifting activity ready. The History of Golf Balls The golf ball has changed significantly as the years progressed. Smooth hardwood balls were utilized between the 1400 and 1700's.

Christopher, Warren Minor

Christopher, Warren Minor Christopher, Warren Minor, 1925â€"2011, U.S. government official, b. Scranton, N.Dak. He studied law at Stanford (1946â€"49) and was a clerk to Supreme Court Justice William O. Douglas (1949â€"50). A Democrat, he was in private practice when not serving in government, ultimately heading a prominent California law firm. He had been appointed to a number of government posts before serving (1967â€"69) as deputy attorney general under President Lyndon Johnson . As deputy secretary of state under President Jimmy Carter , he was the chief American negotiator in the 1981 talks that ended the Iranian hostage crisis. Appointed secretary of state (1993â€"97) by President Bill Clinton , Christopher was particularly involved in seeking Arab-Israeli peace agreements and in negotiating a peace in Bosnia. He also served (1991) as chairman of the Independent Commission on the Los Angeles Police Department. See his memoirs (1998, 2001). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyri ght © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History: Biographies

Public Schools Should Adopt A School Uniform Policy

In this paper you will find four main reasons why all public schools should adopt a school uniform policy, and there is a paragraph with a counter argument with school uniforms. There is a discussion on how the crime rate decreases amongst students, how uniforms save the families money, how gang related activities have decreased, and how there is less stress between students and parents. By the time you finish reading this paper, you too should agree that all public schools should adopt a school uniform policy. All Public Schools Should Adopt a School Uniform Policy Following the guidance of other cities like California and Las Vegas, in Pennsylvania, Allentown School District adopted a school uniform policy in 2014, and it has made a huge impact on kids. There has been more positive than negative feedback from the kids and families from the surveys that were taken at the end of the 2015 school year. There should be a law passed that all public schools should adopt a school uniform policy. The first point of why all public schools should adopt a school uniform policy is uniforms save the family money. In 1999 the NPD group conducted a survey and found that families whose children went to a school with a uniform policy spent $85 less than families whose children did not. (Pike, 1999). This is sixteen years later after that survey was conducted so the figure today will be in the hundreds as status symbol clothes prices are on the rise every year. ThereShow MoreRelatedThe Debate over the Imple mentation of School Uniform Policies in our Schools:743 Words   |  3 Pageshave been many debates over the implementation of school uniform policies in our schools. Opinions are formed about the appearance of uniforms powerful effects on the way in which a student should dress. This significant role of attire relates to how students could relay a message to themselves and others. In addition, uniforms are one of the most serious administrative concerns in our public school system. I strongly favor the fact that school uniforms are perfect because they assist in helping studentsRead MoreEssay on The History of School Uniforms in the United States1218 Words   |  5 Pagesof school uniforms in the United States public schools begins with small underprivileged school of Cherry Hill Elementary in Maryland and the domino effect that happened soon after in the years after. The popularity of school uniforms can greatly be credited to the Long Beach, California study and President Bill Clinton’s speech on the topic. At first, school uniforms were only for the private or Catholic private schools however the school uniform trend spread to other public schools to adopt theRead MoreSchool Uniforms1566 Words   |  7 Pagesfor School Uniforms A safe and structured learning environment is the first requirement of a good school. Children who feel safe and secure will better learn basic American values. In return they will learn the basis of good citizenship and become better students. In response to growing levels of violence in our schools, many parents, teachers, and school officials have been forced to look toward school uniforms as one potentially positive way to reduce discipline problems and increase school safetyRead MorePros And Cons Of School Uniforms1158 Words   |  5 PagesSchool Uniforms: Are Boomers and Stickers Affecting the Way People See Them? People say that school uniforms are a good thing. They prevent bullying, they are easier for parents to dress younger students, and they help students focus on studying, not what they are wearing. Are school administrators or boomers of the American school systems causing students to become Wendys Berrys version of stickers? Having students wear school uniforms have several pros and cons to them, including the costRead MoreArgument Against School Uniforms Should Not Be Banned1556 Words   |  7 PagesArgument Against School Uniforms My disagreement against school dress code is that public schools should not make the student go to school uniforms. Students should be able to wear any appropriate clothing they want to wear. School uniforms are not the way to be unsuccessful in education. School uniforms are a waste of time to have in a public school system. Teachers should make the students go home and change into school appropriate clothes. Public schools should give students a chance on what theyRead MoreSchool Uniforms, Stay Or Leave?1546 Words   |  7 Pages School Uniforms, Stay or Leave? Having school uniforms or dress codes, has both positives and negatives. Some people would like to believe that they help and play a role in students academic performance and behavior at school. However, others counter that, with it does not help, it only creates a bigger problem by enforcing the rules of a school dress code. According to School Uniforms: An Overview, the definition of dress code means, rules designed by school districts or individual schoolsRead MoreShould School Uniforms Be Banned?983 Words   |  4 PagesShould Students Wear Uniforms One of the biggest debates is about the effectiveness or the use of uniforms in public schools. Should students in public schools have to wear school uniforms? For the past few years now; parents, students and schools have had a clash over the issue surrounding the school attire. Researchers are divided over the impact that wearing school uniforms have on the students, if any, and how it does affect their learning. Some view school uniforms as unfair while others viewRead MoreSchool Uniforms Should Not Be Banned1440 Words   |  6 PagesSchool uniforms began in the sixteenth century. England was the first to use school uniforms. The uniforms were for the poor children attending charity schools to distinguish them from the other students. Three hundred years later, better English schools were making the students wear school uniforms. The controversy for school uniforms in American schools began in the nineteen eighties (â€Å"History†, n.d.). Although school uniforms were foun d in private schools, in nineteen eighty seven the first publicRead MoreWhy we need dress codes, argumentative essay MLA.1452 Words   |  6 PagesSchools Need Dress Codes Dress codes in public schooling have recently been a controversial issue nation-wide. Mandatory uniform policys measures and emphasize the benefits of students on specific behavioral and academic outcomes. The arguments for the issue are just as strong as those against the issue. There are two main points surrounding school uniforms: performance and school and reduction of violence due to uniformity. Uniforms are argued to positively affect student safety by: loweringRead MoreSchools and Uniforms733 Words   |  3 PagesSchool Uniforms Uniforms in schools are a big debate around the world. Should we have uniforms in schools? The answer is yes because uniform help the schools. They bring to table a great deal of help because students are getting bullied, killed, and some may not have as much as other when shopping for clothes. Having uniforms bring safety to schools and what goes on after school. Why do we need uniforms? Most student have their own style, but a common argument against school uniforms is that

Financial trends and risk management of Britvic Plc 02082 Free Essay Example, 2500 words

(Source: Financial Times, 2015) The share price of Britvic Plc is 722.50. It was extremely high in 2014 and was recorded at 765. It was observed that the company is reporting a continuous increase in its share price since 2010 except for the year 2012. The rising trend in its share price shows that it will rise in the near future (Financial Times, 2015). (Source: Britvic, 2014) Britvic Plc has reported a turnover of  £1344 million in the year 2014 and has continuously increased since 2012. The earnings per share were 24.7p in the year 2012 which has also risen to 41p in 2014. The operating profits were  £106 million in 2012 and have grown up to  £146 million in 2014. The net profit has also increased from  £57 million in 2012 to  £90 million in 2014. All the figures have shown a continuous increase thereby reflecting the food financial performance of Britvic Plc (Britvic, 2014). Corporate and Financial Actions (Source: Financial Times, 2015) Year after year, the revenues of Britvic Plc remained even at 1.32 billion, despite the fact that the net income of the company grew from 61.90 million to 89.70 million. We will write a custom essay sample on Financial trends and risk management of Britvic Plc 02082 or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now The net income of Britvic Plc was almost same since 2011 but has suddenly increased in 2014 which is a good sign for the company (Financial Times, 2015). (Source: Financial Times, 2015) Both the earnings per share and the dividends per share were increased by 43.27% and 13.59% respectively in 2014. The positive movement in the dividend payments is remarkable since few companies only in the non-alcoholic/beverages industry gives dividend (Financial Times, 2015). (Source: Financial Times, 2015) In the year 2014, the company increased the cash reserves by 51.80 million or 56.61%. The cash flow was very low in 2012 but has increased to a great extent i. e. approx 52 million in the year 2014. The cash reserves have risen from 105 million to 150 million in 2014. Britvic Plc earned 146.60 million from their operations in support of a cash flow margin (Financial Times, 2015). (Source: Britvic, 2014) In spite of the volume growth and strong value of its brand, Coca-Cola which is the competitor of Britvic was not able to beat the company off the peak spot, and the Britvic maintain to remain the top supplier, with sales of over  £1.3 billion compared to the  £1.1 billion for Coca-Cola Company (Britvic, 2014). The company will soon launch the multi packs of Fruit Shoot in the United States, most probably in the second third quarter of 2015. Britvic also creates and sells the brands of PepsiCo such as 7UP and Pepsi in the United Kingdom.

Human Rights and Intervention in the Rwandan Genocide Free Essays

string(28) " from Rwanda at this point\." Human Rights and Intervention in the Rwandan Genocide Human rights are known as â€Å"inalienable fundamental rights to which a person is inherently entitled to simply because he or she is a human being†. These rights are known to be universal and are the same to everyone living on earth. These rights are said to exist in both national and international law. We will write a custom essay sample on Human Rights and Intervention in the Rwandan Genocide or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Universal Declaration of Human rights, which is supported by fifty countries across the globe, attests to this definition and backs up the idea that all people are equal and have the right to pursue happiness no matter who they are, where they are from, their skin color, age, or sex, etc. If these countries believe these things to be true, why was there not a mass intervention when the Hutu militia in Rwanda took it upon themselves to kill hundreds of thousands of people based solely on their ethnicity? It seems that if these countries are not going to benefit in some way, then they have no desire to help or intervene when there is a crisis in another country. The United Nations, which is said to be an international institution that values human rights, should make sure that tragedies, such as the Rwandan genocide, do not occur. Countries cannot act selfish when it comes to war, genocide, and the lives of innocent people. Aiding everyone, treating people with fairness and equality, and fighting for what is right should be far more important than a country’s personal gain.. The one and only deciding factor that manifests what will happen with human rights violations and a countries choice to intervene is the United Nations and the international community. This paper will analyze why it took so long for other countries to intervene in the Rwandan genocide and how the United Nations and the international community directly correlate with human rights violations and interventions in international tragedies. During the Rwandan genocide, thousands of people were killed in the name of ethnic violence. Men, women and children were taken out of their own homes and killed for nothing other than their ethnicity. At this time, the Hutu ethnicity made up over eighty percent of the population, and blamed the people of Tutsi, who made up the lower fifteen percent for all of the economic and political problems of the country. This, in turn, led to Hutu rebels who felt that the only way to solve the issues in Rwanda was to eliminate the Tutsi people all together. Hutu extremists and militia aunched plans and were able to almost effectively rid Rwanda of the Tutsi ethnicity. Tutsi people tried to escape but most were killed or attacked before fleeing was even a possible outcome. Thousands and thousands of people participated in the ethnic cleansing of the Tutsi people in Rwanda. This situation was very chaotic and got completely out of control because no countries chose to intervene and help the Rwan dan people until it was too late. Is it in a country’s best interest to intervene in another country’s warfare or should the country sit back until it gets worse? Why did it take so long and the loss of so many lives before other countries chose to intervene in the Rwandan genocide? The Rwandan genocide was a mass murder of an estimated million people in Eastern Africa in the state of Rwanda. Over about one hundred days, it is estimated that twenty percent of the country’s total population were killed. This resulted from a longstanding ethnic battle and tensions between the minority party, the Tutsi, who had controlled power for centuries, and the majority, the Hutu, who had come into power through a rebellion in the early 1960’s. In 1990, a rebel group of Tutsi refugees invaded Rwanda in an attempt to defeat the Hutu government. This began the Rwandan Civil War, resulting in far worse tension between the two groups. In response to this, many Hutu people gravitated toward the â€Å"Hutu Power† ideology which consisted of state-controlled and independent Rwandan media. It also consisted that the Tutsi intended to make slaves of the Hutu people and that this must be resisted at all costs. Ethnic strife resulted in the rebels’ displacing large numbers of Hutu in the north and Hutu killing of Tutsi in the south. The assassination of Habyarimana in April of 1994 set off even more violence during which Hutu groups conducted mass killings of Tutsis. The genocide was supported and coordinated by the national government as well as local military. Along with the local military, primary responsibility for all of the Tutsi killings lies with two Hutu militias that were organized for this purpose by political parties, the Interahamwe and the Impuzamugambi. Although once the genocide began, a great number of Hutu civilians took parts in the murders as well. There was no peace agreement in place at this point, the Tutsi rebels started their offensive, defeating the army and seizing control of the country. The Hutu militia groups set out to murder any and all Tutsis that they could find regardless of their age or sex. They forced Hutu civilians to participate in the genocide, or be killed in return. The Hutu militia groups used radio airwaves as a way to contact other Tutsis and to provide them with information on what to in order to keep themselves alive. Most nations evacuated their diplomats and nationals from the country and abandoned their embassies in the initial stages of violence. Militia began to set up hundreds of roadblocks around the country and used them to block off areas and make it easier for them to attack certain areas. This militia also sent cables to foreign countries letting them know that ethnicity was the driving factor of all the killings and that their politicians and peacekeepers were not safe in Rwanda. American citizens were evacuated from Rwanda at this point. You read "Human Rights and Intervention in the Rwandan Genocide" in category "Essay examples" Most of the victims were killed in their own villages and homes by machetes and rifles. The Hutu gangs searched through homes, schools, and churches and massacred all the people that they found hiding or trying to flee. The Hutu’s attempt to eliminate all Tutsi, men, women, and children was so chaotic that there is no consensus of the amount of people killed on some days, but what is most important to remember is that this was genocide, and that the Hutu’s were trying to eliminate and erase the memory of Tutsi existence. Out of the Rwandan population of 7. 3 million people, 84% were Hutu, and 16% were Tutsi. The official figures posted by the Rwandan government estimated that the number of victims of the genocide to be 1,174,000 in one hundred days. To narrow that down even more, that is 10,000 a day, or 400 very hour, or 7 every minute. It was also estimated that about 300,000 Tutsi were somehow able to survive the genocide. Thousands of these survivors were women, who were raped daily by Hutu men and ultimately became HIV positive. Of the survivors, there were thousands of orphans and close to all of them were forced to become the head of their household. The world did not act, at least not in a quick manner, to save the Tutsi people of Rwanda. United Nations representatives and commanders were there and there were also peacekeepers in the nation but their efforts were very inimal. Countries did not act at all, even though most countries ratified the United Nations Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, nothing was done to stop the on-going mass killings of hundreds of thousands of people. There are several reasons why they international community took so long to intervene and why their efforts even at that time were so small. The first is that this might have been a civil war, and fo reign states have been advised not to intervene in national self-determinations. Another explanation is that no one knew about the vast amount of massacres occurring in Rwanda until much of the damage had already been done. And unfortunately, the last reason that other countries did not intervene is because they genuinely were not concerned about getting involved in something that would not offer them any personal gain. Rwanda had nothing to off these countries in exchange for their help, and unfortunately no country saw that it would be beneficial for the to get involved solely for good merit. Unfortunately, Rwanda is not the only nation that has been ignored when genocides occurred. Countries such as Iraq, Bosnia, Koscovo, Cambodia, and Sudan have all had some type of ethnic cleansing take place which occurred after United Nations ratification at the convention and yet nothing was done to stop it or even intervene. Intervening, whether humane or not, has always been a dilemma for countries. A state feels that it should not involve itself in a sovereign state in order to preserve autonomy and freedom. Critics argue that an intervention would indeed help preserve the autonomy and freedom of a state where basic rights are being violated but it is unlikely that a country would do this. Although the United Nations was created to continue communication and cooperation among nations, it feels that it was not created to solve world problems, especially not within countries. The United Nations feels that some countries are going to have to solve the problems within their own state on their own terms, time, and money. Since the creation of the United Nations, there have been fewer wars but civil wars have exponentially grown. This is result of Western colonizing powers creating artificial boundaries between their colonies and not taking into consideration the ethnic group that they may be dividing and elittling. As a consequence, ethnic clashes are more prevalent in the world now, and the world along with the United Nations is unsure on how to deal with the problem, which is why we see a constant lack of intervention with these types of issues. The United Nations does however always offer basic services to these countries that are in need. Services range from food and wa ter relief, to imposing sanctions on countries, to peacekeeping, which was seen in Rwanda during the genocide. These are ways of helping civilian populations whom may not even be involved in the conflict, along with the victims of the horrible tragedy. The United States of America was one country that was the most reluctant to intervene in the Rwandan genocide. During the time of the Rwandan genocide, the United States had just pulled American troops out of a disastrous peacekeeping mission in Somalia. The United States vowed to never again return to a conflict that it was not able to understand, between people, clans, and tribes, that it did not know, and especially in a country where the United States had no national interests. President Clinton tried to keep that promise to the American people by suggesting that the rebels needed to stop the violence themselves, even though he had full support from Congress to intervene at this time. With Congress looking toward Clinton, and Clinton looking toward the United Nations, nothing was done and the genocide was forced to run its course. Choosing not to intervene was at the top of Clinton’s failure list for his time as President of the United States of America. The genocide in Rwanda could have been easily prevented. The international community could have taken many steps to prevent the genocide that would not have involved military action. Solidarity within the United Nations was almost nonexistent win regard to Rwanda. Most countries had no investments and nothing to gain in helping Rwanda, so little was done. Had the United Nations paid more attention to what was going on was genocide much earlier, action could have been taken much sooner and the lives of so many people would not have been lost. Early actions could have prevented China and France from providing weapons which only fueled the genocide and increased the death toll. The United States under President Bill Clinton refused to take any kind of action in Rwanda because there was no economic interest; apparently moral interest is of no importance at this point in time. The United States also helped in making sure other countries did not interfere as well. Had the countries recognized the conditions in Rwanda early on, there could have been a serious obstacle in the genocide’s execution. Instead, however, the United States argued over what the word genocide actually meant and feared to even use it because they would be compelled to act if it was described as an actual genocide. If the condition in the country were recognized sooner, the international community would have responded more quickly. Rwanda was also not equipped with the technology that is available to most developed countries. Telephone lines were scarce, but the country was heavily saturated with radios and radio frequencies, which was the only way to spread propaganda. The United States had the technology to jam the radio waves and when presented with this information, the United States refused to lend the technology to help the Rwandan people. This action completely prevented the international community from being able to jam the radio frequencies, further preventing any hope for the Tutsi people. Had the Rwandan people had this technology, they would have been able to stop the spread of hate messages, and later in the genocide, it would have nearly stopped the militia from finding people, as Tutsi locations were broadcast over the radio. Arguably, this could have stopped the genocide in its tracks or at least made it very difficult for the genocide to continue without another country even setting foot on Rwanda soil. The United States and other countries interact with other states on a state level. The problem with that during the Rwandan genocide was that when the United Nations hears a report that genocide may be taking place within a country then its response is to notify that country’s government about it. This helped none whatsoever in Rwanda because the government were part of the reason the genocide was happening and taking place. If reports are being leaked to the international community, it is obvious that the community, for some reason, is not taking any sort of action to alleviate the situation. The insistence on only dealing with other countries as states prevents any action being done for the voiceless individuals who have no voice and cannot fight for themselves. Had the United States not blatantly refused in taking action in Rwanda, other countries would have more than likely been more willing to help the innocent victims in Rwanda. The United States refusal made others believe that they were also not expected to help. In the aftermath of the genocide, Rwanda is a very different country. While Hutus ad and Tutsis now live side by side, many feel that the only way for them to survive is to destroy the other ethnic group. The post-genocide government has tried to establish a greater level of stability within the country in hopes of another genocide never occurring again. The Rwandan government has abolished the ethnic identity cards that were for so long, the only means of distinguishing one group from another. Many citizens still remember what their neighbors are, while others live next door to someone who murdered their families. Most Rwandans now refuse to place themselves in an ethnic category at all in hopes of the new generation of Rwandan people growing up without and identity card and without ethnic tension with the people they are constantly surrounded by. The impact of the United Nations on the intervention in human rights violation most definitely correlates. This was seen in the Rwandan genocide. Since the United Nations decided as a whole that they would not intervene in a beneficial way, then that is what all the other countries decided independently. So if there was not a large governing international institution, things may have played out differently. Countries may have seen the horrible things happening in Rwanda and chose to lend a helping hand rather than sitting back and watching Rwanda crumble. If there is a lesson to be learned from everything that happened in Rwanda, it is that the international community needs to avoid giving the impression that it is willing to or is even capable of rescuing civilians in a conflict. If this is not the case, then it is important to build the capacity of people to do the job of protecting themselves, their family, and their country. Beck, Roger B. World History Patterns of Interaction. Evanston, IL: McDougal Littell, 2007. Scherrer, Christian. Genocide and crisis in Central Africa: conflict roots, mass violence, and regional war; foreword by Robert Melson. Praeger, 2002. Weissman, Stephen R. â€Å"Preventing Genocide in Burundi Lessons from International Diplomacy†,  United States Institute of Peace http://www. genocidewatch. org/images/Rwanda-13-Mar-07-First_the_Deed,_Then_the Denial. pdf   Release of Rwanda’s mastermind of death promotes genocide denial,  Harvard Law Record, December 4, 2009   UN Security Council Resolution 912 (1994), implementing an â€Å"adjustment† of UNAMIR’s mandate and force level as outlined in the  Ã¢â‚¬Å"UNDOC Special Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwan da†, April 20, 1994 (document no. S/1994/470)   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Rwanda-UNAMIR Background†. United Nations. Retrieved May 30, 2011. Shake Hands With the Devil: The Failure of Humanity in Rwanda:  ISBN 0-679-31171-8, pg. 213 How to cite Human Rights and Intervention in the Rwandan Genocide, Essay examples

Limitations of Stereotyping at Workplace-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Merits and Limitations of Stereotyping at Workplace. Answer: Merits and Limitations of Stereotyping at Workplace A stereotype is referred to a set of characteristics or a fixed general image that a significant number of people believe represent a specific type of thing or a person. In other words, it is any thought which is widely adopted about specific types of individuals or their behaviours to represent the entire group of such people or their behaviour as a whole (Inzlicht and Schmader, 2012). A stereotype did not take into consideration the personal characteristics of a person; it assumes things about a person because he/she belongs to a certain group. Stereotypes can be both positive and negative; however, both positive and negative stereotypes can be harmful based on a persons reliance on them. In organisations, stereotyping can lead employees or managers to treat a person or a group in a specific way based on preconceived notions regarding that person or group. Generally, diversity factors such as culture, religion, age, ethnicity, gender and race can contribute to stereotyping in a cor poration. Many managers use stereotypes while communicating and interacting with their employees from another culture in order to ensure that they did not mistakenly make any insensitive statement regarding their culture (Alter et al., 2010). However, heavy reliance on stereotypes can negatively affect the organisational culture in a company, and it can lead to causing conflicts between employees in the workplace. This essay will focus on analysing the impact of stereotypes in corporations. Further, merits and limitations of stereotypes will be discussed in the report by analysing different organisational behaviour theories and recommendations will be given. In todays competitive business world, the requirement of talented employees has grown substantially, and organisations hire qualified employees from all around the world. In order to retain qualified employees in an enterprise, human resource department focuses on maintaining a positive working environment which supports and promotes diversity in the workplace (Chrobot-Mason and Aramovich, 2013). The HR department focuses on implementing effective organisational behaviour theories to ensure that employees from different cultures, religion, race and gender are able to work in the office effectively. Organisational behaviour is referred to the study of the way individuals communicate or interact within groups. It assists in implementing effective human resource management (HRM) policies that promote diversity in the workplace (Wood et al., 2012). Multinational companies are requiring dealing with people from different cultures and religions while operating their business. Therefore, ma ny times managers or executives rely on stereotypes to effectively deal with people from different cultures and religions. In recent years, the importance of diversity management in corporations has grown substantially with the increase in demand of talented employees. Misuse of stereotyping can result in making employees upset or dissatisfied with their jobs which negatively affects their productivity. The insensitive behaviour of employees or lack of diversity management policies can result in increasing disputes between employees which affect their along with others performance which is negative for a firms growth. Effective diversity management improves a companys performance because employees are more likely to feel attached to the organisation and it contributes to creating a positive culture in the workplace (Ilmakunnas and Ilmakunnas, 2011). Therefore, effective diversity management is a key requirement for modern corporations since it provides them a competitive advantage over others. For example, Google Incorporations promotes and supports diversity policies, and the HR department maintains equ ity among employees. Recently, the CEO of the company, Sundar Pichai, fired an engineer, James Damore, because he issued a controversial anti-diversity memo in which he argued why men are better than women (Statt, 2017). The action of Googles CEO showed that the company is serious regarding its diversity policies, and they promote and support employees from different cultures, religion, caste, race and gender. There are a number of merits of using stereotypes which can be beneficial for managers while creating a positive relationship with employees. Firstly, it assists them in ensuring that they did not make any insensitive remark or comment that might affect their feeling. Having knowledge about employees culture or religion can ensure that the manager is able to interact with them more freely since he/she understands their customs (Heilman, 2012). Similarly, while dealing with customers, clients or partners from another country, stereotypes can assist executives in understanding their business customs. For example, in China, people emphasis on punctuality more than western nations and being late in meetings can often result in cancelation of the deal. Therefore, stereotypes can assists managers in ensuring that while dealing with employees in the organisation, they are not insensitive towards their culture. Many times, stereotypes help managers in filling the missing information regardin g a person, such as a non-observable characteristic of an employee that can only be apparent after spending a long time with him (Lottrup, Grahn and Stigsdotter, 2013). Also, stereotyping helps managers in organising information more efficiently by placing employees into predetermined categories. Although it has seen that most stereotypes are based on true facts, there are a number of errors and distortions in them which may lead to employment discrimination. It is very unlikely that a person perfectly fits the stereotype category because each person has specific traits and characteristics (Von Hippel, Sekaquaptewa and McFarlane, 2015). Therefore, if a manager is relying on stereotypes, then he/she is assigning traits to an employee that is untrue. The use of stereotypes makes it difficult for managers to alter their belief about an employees characteristics and traits which conflict with the stereotype. If a manager himself uses or all others to engage in stereotyping, it can result in increased abuse and mistreatment in the workplace. If a manager did not stop employees from using stereotypes, then employees can sense that he/she promotes open displays of mistreatment or discrimination which can result in establishing a negative working culture in the organisation. It incre ases conflicts and disputes between employees and managers which negatively affect the performance of others as well (Posthuma and Guerrero, 2013). If collaboration and teamwork is a necessary requirement in a corporations success, that use of stereotypes can result in causing bad working relationships between employees. For example, based on the stereotypes, a man may not prefer to ask a woman help while working because he might feel she is incapable of understanding or performing the task. Another problem with stereotyping is that it causes low morale for individuals or group which make a toxic working environment. The managers find it difficult to motivate employees to improve their performance if employees have low morale. According to the Equity theory of motivation, employees feel motivated if their output is equal to their input (Lazaroiu, 2015). Based on stereotypes, a manager can discriminate between two employees and provide more benefits and opportunities to only one. In this situation, it is difficult to motivate the employee who is discriminated against and it is more likely to affect his performance negatively. Similarly, ERG theory divide basis needs of an employee into three categories. Existence includes physiological and safety needs, relatedness include social relations needs, and growth refers to self-esteem and self-actualisation needs (Caulton, 2012). This theory categorised the five needs given by Abraham Maslow in Hierarchy of needs theory. If man agers use stereotyping, then it is difficult for them to fulfil relatedness needs of employees. If managers are continuously discriminating employees based on stereotypes, then it can negatively affect their performance, and it makes it difficult for managers to motivate them. Following actions can be taken by managers in order to avoid stereotyping in the workplace which assists them in establishing a positive and supportive working environment which effectively manages diversity in the workplace. Firstly, managers should implement workplace policies that discourage stereotyping and discrimination between employees and embrace diversity in the workplace (Lamont, Swift and Abrams, 2015). In Australia, the government has implemented anti-discrimination laws based on age, disability, race and sex of employees. Organisations should comply with regulations of these acts to ensure that they avoid stereotypes. The firm should also provide diversity training to managers, supervisors and employees to make them learn about others religion, race, nationality and culture. Managers should schedule meetings between them and workers to discuss the way to prevent employees from stereotyping, and they should avoid making assumptions or creating labels for employees (Dugui d and Thomas-Hunt, 2015). Managers should ensure that employees respect each other and difference between them by implementing strict diversity policies. In conclusion, stereotyping has its merits and limitations however in order to promote diversity management, managers should avoid using stereotypes. Stereotyping assists managers in ensuring that they are able to fill the gaps while interacting and dealing with other employees in order to create a positive relationship with them. It assists them organising information more effectively by placing employees into predetermined categories. It also ensures that managers did not make any insensitive remarks that might hurt employees feeling. However, there are many limitations of stereotyping which result in establishing a toxic environment in the workplace. It promotes discrimination in the workplace which causes low morale among employees. Stereotyping also makes it difficult for managers to motivate employees and improve their productivity. Various recommendations are discussed in the report for avoiding stereotyping such as strict diversity policies, effective workplace relationships, avoiding of assumptions, and diversity training. These policies can assist managers in avoiding stereotyping and creating a positive working environment in the workplace which promotes and supports diversity among employees. References Alter, A.L., Aronson, J., Darley, J.M., Rodriguez, C. and Ruble, D.N. (2010) Rising to the threat: Reducing stereotype threat by reframing the threat as a challenge.Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,46(1), pp.166-171. Caulton, J.R. 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